Many infections that could affect pregnancy can be avoided with simple precautions. Some other infections that could harm mother or baby can be prevented with immunisation, but certain immunisations are not recommended once you are pregnant.
Here we explore common infections, the importance of immunisations, and guidelines for maintaining a healthy pregnancy.
Infections during pregnancy and how to prevent them:
Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite found in the faeces of infected cats or infected meat, and contaminated soil. Practise proper food safety, ensuring everything is thoroughly washed and cooked to avoid exposure to this infection.
Listeria: Listeria, a bacterium found in certain foods, can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe illness in newborns. Avoid high-risk foods, such as soft cheeses and pre-cooked meats, and practise proper food hygiene.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs): UTIs are more common during pregnancy due to changes in the urinary tract. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent complications: report symptoms to your healthcare team.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): CMV is a common virus that may not cause symptoms in healthy adults but can pose risks to a developing foetus. Simple hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, can help reduce the risk of CMV transmission.
Rubella (German Measles): Rubella can cause serious birth defects if contracted during pregnancy. Most women receive the rubella vaccine as part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine in childhood. Checking immunity before pregnancy is advisable.
Immunisations during pregnancy:
Influenza (flu) vaccine: The flu vaccine is recommended for pregnant women, especially during flu season. Influenza can lead to severe complications during pregnancy, making vaccination a safe and effective preventive measure.
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine: Tdap is crucial to protect against whooping cough, a potentially severe respiratory infection. The vaccine is recommended during each pregnancy, ideally between weeks 16 and 36.
Covid vaccine: It is strongly recommended that you get vaccinated against COVID-19 if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. You are higher risk of getting seriously ill from COVID-19 if you are pregnant and getting vaccinated can also give your baby protection against COVID-19.
Hepatitis B: If you are at high risk for hepatitis B, vaccination may be recommended. This decision is typically made after careful consideration of individual risk factors.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): RSV can cause breathing problems for young babies, so you will be offered this vaccination after week 28.
Timing of immunisations:
Preconception immunisations: Checking immunisation status before conception allows you to update vaccinations and ensure protection against certain infections before becoming pregnant.
Inactivated vaccines during pregnancy: Inactivated vaccines, such as flu, covid and Tdap, are considered safe during pregnancy. They protect both the mother and the newborn by transferring maternal antibodies.
Live vaccines: Live vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine, are generally not administered during pregnancy due to a theoretical risk to the foetus. It is advisable to receive these vaccines before becoming pregnant.
Planning your immunisations
Immunisation decisions should be based on individual health history, risk factors, and medical advice. Consult with your healthcare team to create a personalised immunisation plan. Postnatal immunisations: Catching up on any missed or delayed vaccinations can occur after the baby is born. Balancing risks and benefits: In some cases, the benefits of vaccination may outweigh potential risks. It’s essential to discuss any concerns with a healthcare professional to make informed decisions.
